Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 494 Black caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8390 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and November 21, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 5.89% are Black/African American, 11.75% are LatinX, and 20.95% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 99.55 < .001
20k-40k 4.99 .095
40k-60k 2.49 .229
60k-80k 5.11 .095
80k-100k 12.00 .004
100k-150k 9.72 .011
150k-200k 6.89 .043
200k+ 0.42 .517

Poverty

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
poverty_cat statistic p.value
Above 1.5 x FPL 54.34 < .001
Below 1.5 x FPL 54.34 < .001

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 0.75 .387
Became Unemployed 2.61 .318
Stable Employed 2.40 .318
Stable Other 45.55 < .001
Stable Unemployed 11.00 .004

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 46.34 < .001
Latinx 46.34 < .001

Single parent households

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
single_cat statistic p.value
Dual parent 244.06 < .001
Single parent 244.06 < .001

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.66 41.2 44.86 -2.94 .003 580.82 -6.1 -1.22 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Black caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .010
work_status .619 .484
single .647 .101
age .082 .269
income.cat .373 < .001
poverty_cat .247 .478

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.78 37.75 42.53 -3.12 .002 588.3 -7.79 -1.77 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.1 31.61 30.5 0.76 .447 578.4 -1.74 3.95 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.9 52.08 56.98 -3 .003 576.79 -8.11 -1.69 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.02 43.46 49.48 -4.33 < .001 582.3 -8.75 -3.29 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.75 34.47 40.22 -4.2 < .001 592.7 -8.44 -3.06 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-7.97 44.68 52.66 -4.77 < .001 582.96 -11.26 -4.69 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.5 24.23 27.73 -2.24 .025 596.73 -6.56 -0.43 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.48 10.16 10.64 -0.48 .633 565.82 -2.46 1.5 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Black caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship .001 .010
work_status .470 .484
single .014 .101
age .178 .269
income.cat .268 < .001
poverty_cat .114 .478

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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## [[2]]$single

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.16 9.99 9.82 0.12 .904 564.38 -2.49 2.82 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.97 7.01 7.98 -0.84 .399 562.03 -3.23 1.29 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.95 15.29 14.35 0.61 .542 561.66 -2.1 3.99 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.95 15.29 14.35 0.61 .542 561.66 -2.1 3.99 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.02 7.23 9.25 -1.72 .086 571.42 -4.32 0.29 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.95 8.37 11.32 -2.08 .038 576.71 -5.74 -0.16 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-1.42 5.75 7.17 -1 .320 554.85 -4.24 1.39 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food 0.1445960 6.082811 < .001 526.8962
house 0.1434627 6.083789 < .001 548.6290
utilities 0.1549768 6.760906 < .001 605.0132
healthcare 0.0639854 2.848121 .005 390.0917
social 0.0481290 2.207857 .028 379.9192
emotional 0.0733998 3.229385 .001 395.0109
childcare 0.1310537 5.618642 < .001 408.2616
other 0.0289352 1.855321 .064 326.0873

By Week

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Black caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is significantly different for Black caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Black caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Black caregivers